Is there like a program where you can sing or play notes on an instrument and it like transposes that into sheet music? Probably not, but I don't see how it could be impossible to exist as long as there was only one instrument at a time.

Also, randomly, there's a program out there that makes your sepakers constantly emit a sound so high-pitched that paralyzes mosquitoes and other insects, does it work? I believe I saw it on download.com ...

Whhat, like using a midi keyboard to record notes? There are plenty of programs that do that. Most famously, Finale.

Is there like a program where you can sing or play notes on an instrument and it like transposes that into sheet music? Probably not, but I don't see how it could be impossible to exist as long as there was only one instrument at a time.

There is, but I don't know what it would cost, or where to find it. I'm sure it would be hella expensive for tone recongition of individual instruments.

Finale Printmusic and Finale can... you need a mic to do it.

I think you need a midi keyboard, via mic seems very unlikely to me.

There are programs which converts singing and instrument notes into MIDI, but for sheets... well, they would be pretty messy and inaccurate. There are even programs which can scan sheet music and play it as MIDI. But yeah, do as Angelic said and get a MIDI keyboard.

Ooh! I think I do! Is the Miracle Keyboard that you could connect to the old NES work? On the back, I recall there being two ports labeled "MIDI." I don't know how to connect them.

You need a midi cable and a sound card that has a midi port. (Or there are some midi cables that connect via usb).

If you want it free, find a way to record it. From that, change it to a midi file. Use a program like Overture and import the midi file in. The midi file would then be transcribed into sheet music. (yay!)
But of course, it'd be messy and unaccurate. But you can spend a couple of hours/days and try to clean it up.